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ÈÄ»ýÀ¯ÀüÇÐ (Epigenetics)°ú DNA methylationÀÇ ÀÌÇØ

UNDERSTANDING OF EPIGENETICS AND DNA METHYLATION

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¿ÀÁ¤È¯ ( Oh Jung-Hwan ) - °æÈñ´ëÇб³ Ä¡ÀÇÇÐÀü¹®´ëÇпø ±¸°­¾Ç¾È¸é¿Ü°úÇб³½Ç
±Ç¿ë´ë ( Kwon Yong-Dae ) - °æÈñ´ëÇб³ Ä¡ÀÇÇÐÀü¹®´ëÇпø ±¸°­¾Ç¾È¸é¿Ü°úÇб³½Ç
À±º´¿í ( Yoon Byong-Wook ) - °æÈñ´ëÇб³ Ä¡ÀÇÇÐÀü¹®´ëÇпø ±¸°­¾Ç¾È¸é¿Ü°úÇб³½Ç
ÃÖº´ÁØ ( Choi Byung-Jun ) - °æÈñ´ëÇб³ Ä¡ÀÇÇÐÀü¹®´ëÇпø ±¸°­¾Ç¾È¸é¿Ü°úÇб³½Ç

Abstract

DNA ¸ÞÆ¿È­´Â histone modification°ú ÇÔ²² DNAÀÇ ¿°±â¼­¿­ÀÌ À¯ÁöµÇ¸é¼­ À¯Àü±â´ÉÀÌ º¯È­µÇ°í ÀÚ¼Õ±îÁö Àü´Þ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÈÄ»ý À¯ÀüÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ÇÑ ºÎºÐÀÌ´Ù. DNA ¸ÞÆ¿È­´Â Å©·Î¸¶Æ¾ÀÇ ±¸Á¶¸¦ º¯°æ½ÃÅ°´Â °úÁ¤À» ÅëÇÏ¿© À¯ÀüÀÚ¿Í repetitive sequenceÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀ» ¾ïÁ¦½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. DNA ¸ÞÆ¿È­´Â X-ºÒÈ°¼ºÈ­, À¯Àüü °¢ÀÎ, À¯ÀüÀÚ ¹ßÇöÁ¶Àý, ¾Ï »ý¼º µî¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹àÇôÁ³°í, DNA ¸ÞÆ¿È­ Ç¥ÁöÀÚ (DNA methylation marker)µéÀº Á¾¾çÀÇ Áø´Ü°ú Ä¡·á¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» ¿¹ÃøÇÏ´Â ÁöÇ¥·Î È°¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Áö±Ý±îÁö ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸ ¼º°ú¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í DNA¸ÞÆ¿È­, ¸ÞÆ¿È­¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ gene silencing, DNA ¸ÞÆ¿È­ÀÇ Ç¥ÀûºÎÀ§ µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸íÈ®ÇÑ ±âÀüÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¹àÇôÁöÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ¾î ÇâÈÄ ´õ ¸¹Àº ±âÃÊÀû ¿¬±¸°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â ÈÄ»ý À¯ÀüÀû º¯È­´Â °¡¿ªÀûÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ Á¾¾ç¾ïÁ¦À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ ¾ï¾ÐÇÏ´Â ÈÄ»ý À¯ÀüÀû º¯È­¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÑ´Ù¸é ±× Á¾¾ç¾ïÁ¦À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ ´Ù½Ã È°¼ºÈ­½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °³³äÀÇ ÈÄ»ýÀ¯Àü Ä¡·á¹ý ¿¬±¸·Î DNA ¸ÞÆ¿È­ ¾ïÁ¦Á¦¿Í histone deacetyaltion¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â HDACÀÇ ¾ïÁ¦Á¦µéÀÌ Ç×¾ÏÁ¦·Î¼­ °³¹ßµÇ¾î »ç¿ëµÇ°í Àִµ¥ ÇâÈÄ ´õ ¸¹Àº ¾àÁ¦ °³¹ß°ú ÀÓ»óÀû ¿¬±¸°¡ ÁøÇàµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Epigenetic is usually referring to heritable traits that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence. DNA methylation is known to serve as cellular memory. and is one of the most important mechanism of epigenetic. DNA methylation is a covalent modification in which the target molecules for methylation in mammalian DNA are cytosine bases in CpG dinucleotides. The 5¡¯ position of cytosine is methylated in a reaction catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases; DNMTl, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b. There are two different regions in the context of DNA methylation: CpG poor regions and CpG islands. The intergenic and the intronic region is considered to be CpG poor, and CpG islands are discrete CpG-rich regions which are often found in promoter regions. Normally, CpG poor regions are usually methylated whereas CpG islands are generally hypomethylated. DNA methylation is involved in various biological processes such as tissue-specific gene expression, genomic imprinting, and X chromosome inactivation. In general. cancer cells are characterized by global genomic hypomethylation and focal hypermethylation of CpG islands, which are generally unmethylated in normal cells. Gene silencing by CpG hypermethylation at the promotors of tumor suppressor genes is probably the most common mechanism of tumor suppressor inactivation in cancer.

Å°¿öµå

Epigenetic;DNA methylation;CpG islands;Gene silencing

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